Robert Havell Jr. (Engraver, printer and colorist); John James Audubon (Designer and draftsman)
Place of Origin
London; London; England; United Kingdom; Europe
Origin Notes
Plate engraved, printed and colored by Havell in London. Painted by Audubon in Charleston in 1836, or in London, 1837.
Secondary Origin Notes
Unclear where Audubon completed the original painting. Audubon wrote in Ornithological Biography that he never saw the birds in their native habitat. The female is modeled from specimens he purchased from Thomas Nuttall in Philadelphia in 1836, and may have been painted immediately after purchase while Audubon was in Charleston, South Carolina, or later after he returned to England. The male is painted after another specimen.
Date
1837
Mark/Signature/Inscription/Label
Type: Inscription
Location: Bottom left beneath image
Inscription: Drawn from Nature by J. J. Audubon, F. R. S, F. L. S.
Type: Inscription
Location: Bottom right beneath image
Inscription: Engraved, Printed & Coloured, by R. Havell, 1837.
Mark/Signature: Yes
Subject(s)
Zoological illustration
Materials
Ink
Watercolor
Paper (wove)
Techniques
Aquatint
Etched
Engraved
Hand colored
Painted
Dimensions (inches)
24 (H) x 38 (W)
Dimensions (centimeters)
60.96 (H) x 61.754 (W)
Measurement Notes
Measurements by sight, in frame. H at left. W at bottom. Plate marks not visible.
Publisher Summary
J. Audubon
Place of Publication
London, England, United Kingdom, Europe
Publisher Name
J. Audubon
Edition State
I
Coloring
Hand colored with watercolors
Edition Notes
From the first edition double-elephant folio of John James Audubon, The Birds of America (London: J. J. Audubon, 1827-39).